نشریه یافته های نوین کشاورزی
سال دهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 38، زمستان 1394)

Bio-fertilizers in agriculture have great importance and use of these fertilizers in addition to nitrogen-fixing air also makes significant contributions in reducing use of nitrogen chemical fertilizers. Therefore an experiment to investigate the effect of nitrogen chemical fertilizer and Nitroxin bio-fertilizer was conducted factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Experimental factors were involved nitrogen chemical fertilizer at three levels zero (no fertilizer as control), 100 and 200 kg Urea ha-1, Nitroxin biological fertilizer at two levels of non-inoculated and inoculated with biological fertilizer (4 lit.ha-1) and harvest time three levels of harvested before flowering, coinciding with flowering and after flowering. The results showed that the effect of urea fertilizer, bio-fertilizer, harvest time and the interaction effect of two way and three way of this treatment was significant on fresh and dry matter yield, plant height, percentage and yield of essential oil and harvest index. The maximum dry matter (550 kg), harvest index (72%), oil yield and essential percentage (respectively 20.35 kg.lit-1 and3.7%) was obtained in application of 200 kg Urea ha-1fertilizer with the use of Nitroxin bio-fertilizer in harvest during flowering. Nitroxin biological fertilizer application (4 kg.ha-1) at harvest during flowering caused increase quantitative and qualitative yield of peppermint. Generally the results show that nitroxin bio-fertilizer are positive effects on peppermint through nitrogen fixation and growth hormones produced.

Hybrid selection of suitable climatic conditions of each area and determine appropriate plant density are important factors in achieving high performance. An experiment was conducted in 2009 using Factorial arrangement based on Rondomised Compelete Block Design with three replications at Agricultural Research Station of Khuzestan Ahvaz, in order to study of corn densities effect on quantity and qualiy characteristics of forage corn. The experimental factors included three corn densities with row spacing (13,14,16cm) as factor A and three commercial corn hybrid (SC 704, SC 640, SC 500) as factor B.
At the time harvest traits (plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves, dry matter yield, leaf dry weight, dry weight, dry weight tassel and ear dry weight per square meter, crude protein, leaf to stem ratio and the ratio of corn to plant ) were measured. The results showed that the effects of density on leaf dry weight, dry weight and leaf to stem ratio was significant. Also different varieties of plant height, leaf number, leaf dry weight, dry weight, dry weight, and the ratio of leaf to stem ratio was significant to plant corn. Interaction between variety and density of plant height and leaf to stem ratio was significant. In this experiment, it seems on rows 14 cm (95 thousand plants per hectare) due to high dry weight and leaf to stem ratio further, row spacing Ahvaz climatic conditions suitable for growing corn. 640 as well as the quantity and prematurity was better than other varieties.

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important grain legume for human consumption, and water stress affects over 60 % of dry bean production worldwide. In order to diallel analysis evaluation of bean grain yield and Some morphological traits under normal and water stress by Griffing method, an experiment was conducted on six genotypes of red, in a randomized complete block design with three replications under stress and non-stress at the Arak Islamic Azad University. The experiment consisted of 21 genotypes that six genotypes of parents and the rest of the F2 generation crosses on them. The results showed that, given that general combining abilities (GCA) was significant for most traits in both conditions, the additive gene effects in controlling these traits is very important. The specific combining ability (SCA) was significant in a number of traits that have been the role of non-additive effects. Significance of the GCA / SCA traits indicates that these traits additive gene effects were more important than non-additive effects. Yield controlled by additive and non-additive effects under water stress conditions. In both conditions, non-additive variance (dominance effect) is more important to control of yield trait. GCA highest in yield trait was related to genotype Sayad and was the lowest Akhtar genotypes under non-stress condition; highest significant general combining ability has shown for Ks31169 under water stress in yield trait. Cross of Akhtar×AND1007 under non-stress condition, and crosses of Akhtar×Ks31169 Goli×D81083 under water stress, has shown the highest SCA for yield trait.

Silicon (Si) is widely recognized as an important element for most plant species grown especially under stress situations. Recent research has extensively studied the mechanisms involved in the absorption and transmission of Si in vascular plants and different types of silicon transporters have been discovered. Si has the ability to ameliorate several in-organic stresses under acidic conditions including manganese and aluminum toxicity and phosphorous scarcity. Furthermore, under alkaline conditions, silicate deposits in the root exo- and endodermis result in obstruction of root apoplastic Na absorption and maintenance of Kﳖ balance; thereby significantly improving plant alkalinity tolerance. Four Si carriers namely, LSi1, LSi2, LSi3 and LSi4 have now been identified; although little information is available regarding their responses under stress conditions. Hence, it is important to study the connection between such Si-carriers and the Si proficiency for plants undergoing mineral stress. Evidence presented in the paper indicates that silicon availability and subsequent accumulation on plant tissues can serve as an appropriate strategy for improving crop productivity in acidic soils. The current paper briefly reviews the latest investigations with respect to the effect of sorption and transport of Si in plants under mineral stress in acidic soil condition.

Using of Gama ray was caused mutation in rice plant and produced diversity at seedling stage can be evaluated. In order to comparison seedling growth characteristics of Tarom Mahali, Hasani and Anbarbo varieties with M5 mutants from them, a augmented test was carried out in station nursery of deputy of rice research institute of Iran (Amol) in 2015. Number of 23 mutants of M5 from Tarom Mahali, 7 and 8 mutants from Hasani and Anbarbo varieties respectively with check (parents) were seeded 300g dry seeds in half square of nursery. In three leaves stages were measured growth characteristics such as seedling length, roots, shoot dry weight, total dry weight and root to shoot ratio. The results showed 52 percent of M5 mutant from Tarom Mahali had lower seedling length related to check (Tarom Mahali), however, all of mutants from Hasani had higher seedling length related to check (Hasani). The mutant seedling from Anbarbo variety had about 75 percent less than check. The rate of increasing root and shoot dry weight of mutants was 59-85 percent compared to check, but seedling total dry weight was higher in all mutants related to checks. To high ratio of root to shoot in Anbaro mutants was 100%, but in seedlings of Tarom Mahali mutants was 74%. Among of seedling length with root, shoot and seedling total dry weight there was positive correlation at 1%, however, there was no correlation with root to shoot ratio. The claster analysis is placed in three groups of mutants. Total seedling dry weight of mutants was higher related to check varieties but seedling length was lower.

In order to investigate the integrated weed management on broomcorn farms, a field experiment was conducted of 2010 in Qazvin region. The experimental design was randomized complete block with 24 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments included different planting patterns whit three levels, including planting a row, double row (planting square) and (planting zigzag) and herbicide use on two levels, including nicosulfuron and foramsulfuron and dose of herbicides in four levels, including 1, 1/5, 2 and 2/5 liters per hectare. Three samples of weeds after treatments were applied based on the percentage of control density and weed dry weight by comparison with control per plot was calculated. The results showed that among the different patterns of planting, planting density and the zigzag had the greatest loss of weed dry weight. foramsulfuron herbicide was better than nicosulfuron to control of weeds. Between the doses treatments, used 2/5 litter herbicide dose per hectare had the greatest reduction weed dry weight. And used 1 litter herbicide dose per hectare had the least reduction weed dry weight.